10 Historical Sites You Must Visit in Abruzzo

Abruzzo is like Italy’s best-kept secret—a treasure chest of history nestled between mountains and sea. From ancient Roman ruins to breathtaking medieval fortresses, this region tells a story in every stone, wall, and fresco.

For history buffs and casual explorers alike, Abruzzo is an open-air museum waiting to be discovered. So, lace up your walking shoes, charge your camera, and let’s dive into ten historical sites that’ll make you feel like you’ve stepped back in time.

1. Rocca Calascio

Perched high in the Apennine mountains, Rocca Calascio is a 10th-century fortress that looks like something out of a fantasy film. (And it kind of is—it starred in Ladyhawke!) The highest castle in Italy, this iconic structure offers panoramic views of the Gran Sasso mountains and the surrounding countryside.

Historical Context: Built primarily as a military outpost, Rocca Calascio served as a lookout to protect the region. Over time, it became a symbol of resilience and freedom.
What to Expect: A steep but rewarding hike to reach the fortress ruins, jaw-dropping photo ops, and that inexplicable feeling of being on top of the world.
Personal Tip: Stop by one of the bars along Via della Torre for a coffee, beer or glass of wine after your hike!

2. Abbey of San Clemente a Casauria (Abbazia di San Clemente a Casauria)

This Romanesque abbey, built in 871 AD, is a masterpiece of medieval architecture. Its intricate carvings and peaceful setting make it a must-see for anyone interested in Italy’s spiritual history.

Historical Context: The abbey was founded by Emperor Louis II as a symbol of Christianity’s strength in the region. Over the centuries, it withstood invasions and natural disasters.
What to Expect: Marvel at the detailed façade, wander through the peaceful cloisters, and admire the ancient frescoes.
Personal Tip: Head to this phenomenal pizzeria in the nearby town after your visit.

3. Castello di Roccascalegna

Dramatically perched on a rocky outcrop, this cliffside castle is straight out of a medieval fantasy. Its history is as dramatic as its location, with tales of feuding lords and mysterious deaths.

Historical Context: The castle dates back to Lombard rule and was a strategic defensive structure. It later became famous for its legends, including a curse involving blood-stained walls.
What to Expect: Sweeping views, narrow staircases, and plenty of photo opportunities that’ll make your Instagram followers jealous.
Personal Tip: You can always find ample free parking here, but be prepared to walk to the castle regardless.

4. Sulmona’s Aqueduct

Sulmona, famous for its sugared almonds (confetti), is also home to an incredible 13th-century aqueduct that runs right through the city’s main square.

Historical Context: Built in 1256, the aqueduct was part of a system that brought fresh water to the city. Today, it’s one of the most iconic landmarks of Sulmona.
What to Expect: Stroll beneath the elegant arches, explore nearby shops, and soak in the vibrant atmosphere of Piazza Garibaldi.
Personal Tip: Take a seat at the stylish JAMM’ mò cafe and enjoy a drink with a view of the aqueduct.

5. Amphitheater Alba Fucens

This ancient Roman city is a dream for archaeology enthusiasts. Its well-preserved ruins include an amphitheater, temples, and city walls.

Historical Context: Founded in the 4th century BC, Alba Fucens was a strategic Roman settlement that played a key role in regional defense.
What to Expect: Wander through the ruins, envision Roman gladiators in the amphitheater, and marvel at the stunning mountain backdrop.
Personal Tip: Embark on an adventure nearby by parking here and taking a hike to the Rifugio Casale da Monte.

6. Eremo di San Bartolomeo in Legio

Tucked into a rocky cliff, this 11th-century hermitage is a place of peace and spiritual reflection. It’s a bit of a trek to get there, but the serenity is worth every step.

Historical Context: This hermitage was built by followers of Saint Celestine V and served as a secluded retreat for monks.
What to Expect: A rugged hike, breathtaking views, and the chance to stand in a space that feels timeless.
Personal Tip: Do not visit during the summer, it’s too hot! time your hike for the fall when there’s cooler weather.

7. Chieti’s Roman Theater

Chieti, one of Abruzzo’s oldest cities, boasts a Roman theater that still whispers stories of ancient performances.

Historical Context: Built during the Roman Empire, the theater was a cultural hub for the city’s residents.
What to Expect: Marvel at the layout of the ancient stage, explore nearby ruins, and imagine life in Roman Chieti.
Personal Tip: Pop into the Abruzzo Archaeological Museum while you’re already in Chieti.

8. Bominaco Oratories

The Oratory of San Pellegrino is famous for its stunning frescoes, which some call the “Sistine Chapel of Abruzzo.”

Historical Context: The frescoes were painted in the 13th century and depict biblical scenes with incredible detail.
What to Expect: An intimate look at medieval art and a tranquil setting that feels untouched by time.
Personal Tip: The church isn’t always open, especially during the off-season or midday. However, there’s a phone number posted on the church that you can call to arrange a viewing if it’s closed.

9. Castello Piccolomini (Capestrano)

This Renaissance-era castle is a feast for the eyes and a hub of regional history. Its museum showcases fascinating artifacts from Abruzzo’s past.

Historical Context: The Piccolomini family built this castle in the 15th century, and it remains a symbol of their legacy.
What to Expect: Explore the castle grounds, visit the museum, and enjoy stunning views of Capestrano.
Personal Tip: The castle is typically closed during the winter season, so double check the opening hours for any announcements.

10. Basilica di Santa Maria di Collemaggio (L’Aquila)

This stunning basilica is a masterpiece of medieval architecture and a symbol of Abruzzo’s resilience, having been beautifully restored after the 2009 earthquake.

Historical Context: Built in 1288 by Pietro da Morrone, who later became Pope Celestine V, this basilica is famous for its unique rose window and its role in the annual Perdonanza Celestiniana celebration, a UNESCO-recognized tradition.
What to Expect: Marvel at its intricately patterned façade, step inside to see restored frescoes, and learn about its papal history.
Personal Tip: Just outside the basilica, there’s a lovely park where you can relax and take in views of L’Aquila’s historic charm.

Final Thoughts: A Walk Through Time in Abruzzo

Abruzzo’s historical sites are more than just places to visit—they’re windows into the past, where every stone and fresco tells a story. Whether you’re exploring ancient ruins or standing atop a medieval fortress, you’ll find that history in Abruzzo isn’t just something to study; it’s something to experience.

So, grab your map, pack your curiosity, and let the history of Abruzzo sweep you off your feet.

Happy exploring, amico!